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Although these two documents are still in the process of soliciting opinions, they have attracted widespread attention in the industry. Why does the state control these two indicators? What are the impacts of controlling these two indicators on the chemical industry? The reporter conducted an interview in the industry.
The chemical industry is still a "big family"
Recently, Zhao Hualin, Director-General of the Ministry of Environmental Protection's Total Division, explained the addition of these two indicators: “According to the current situation, the goal of reducing sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand during the “Eleventh Five-year Plan†period should be less difficult. However, environmental problems are still prominent, and the high emission of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides offset the effect of emission reduction to a certain extent.The pollutant emission reduction during the 11th Five-Year Plan period has achieved phase results, but the overall deterioration of the environment is still in the trend. Continuing, therefore, in terms of the control of pollutants, we must gradually shift from a single pollutant control to a multiple pollutant control and expand the scope of major pollutants from two to four: chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. This will greatly increase the environmental protection threshold for energy-intensive companies and improve the quality of the environment to some extent."
The environmental quality bulletin in recent years shows that ammonia nitrogen in surface water has gradually become the most important pollution project, and even exceeding chemical oxygen demand has become the primary indicator affecting the environmental quality of surface water. This situation also exists in the treatment of air pollution. Satellite monitoring found that sulfur dioxide over China began to decline sharply after 2006, with a drop of about 20%. However, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the air is increasing. As a result, acid rain and ashes have not been alleviated and some regions have become more serious.
According to the “Guideâ€, the top industries for ammonia emissions are 316,600 tons of chemical raw materials and chemical products, 31,300 tons of non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, 25,700 tons of petroleum coking and nuclear fuel processing, and agriculture. The food processing industry was 17,900 tons, the textile industry was 1,600,000 tons, the leather fur feathers (velvet) and its product industries were 14,900 tons, the beverage manufacturing industry was 12,400 tons, and the food manufacturing industry was 11,200 tons.
The top industries in terms of nitrogen oxide emissions are 7,333,800 tons of electricity for thermal power production and supply, 2.0124 million tons of non-metallic mineral products, 817,400 tons of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and chemical raw materials and chemical products. 409,800 tons, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing industry 298,000 tons.
Enterprises have secretly "accomplishment"
It is understood that there are no rigid requirements for the discharge of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides by environmental protection agencies around the country. The emission of ammonia nitrogen is only limited by means of fees. If the limit is exceeded, a fine will be imposed.
For ammonia nitrogen treatment, nitrogen fertilizer industry is undoubtedly the top priority. Huang Huayao, director of the Xuzhou Institute of Water Treatment, specializing in various water treatment technologies, said in an interview with CCIN reporters that ammonia nitrogen emissions are mainly through sewage. The ammonia nitrogen emission limits set by the nitrogen fertilizer industry are the strictest at 15 mg/l, and the most loose is 25 mg/l. At present, nitrogen fertilizer companies have achieved more than 80% of the sewage treatment. It can be said that the proportion is not small.
According to Huang Huayao, the nitrogen fertilizer industry is basically divided into three categories. The first category is a large state-owned enterprise. All sewage treatment plants are now launched, which has large investment and high operating costs. The second category is large-scale private enterprises. The technology used by such enterprises is practical and practical. The third category is small enterprises, which are in a state of mutual wait-and-see. Some factories are on a one-to-one basis, and some plants are simply not. Because such companies are not sure about their own prospects, and fear that they will lose their money, this money will be wasted. At present, the proportion of the second type is the largest, accounting for 50% to 60%.
Hebei Yangmei Zhengyuan Chemical Group, the head of Baohuan, told reporters that the control of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides has been heard, but there is no formal policy to the company. In fact, the state also has standards for the requirements of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides, and the indicator values ​​on corporate inspection reports are within the scope of national requirements, but they have not yet been imposed on these two items. Once the new environmental protection policy is promulgated, in addition to the two indicators of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand, but also increase the collection of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides sewage charges, corporate spending on environmental protection will increase. In the final analysis, it is still at the source to carry out process control, strengthen process management, ensure the confinement of equipment, and reduce the risk of leakage, so as to reduce the difficulty of terminal management.
The dye industry is also a major emitter of ammonia nitrogen. Some dye companies in Jiangsu and Zhejiang have learned that the local ammonia emission limit for dyes is 50 mg/l. Above this target, even if it reaches 100 mg/L, it will be able to pay more fines. The "Guide" clearly requires that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the dye industry should promote clean production processes such as catalytic technology, sulfur trioxide sulfonation technology, continuous nitration technology, and thermal insulation nitration technology to increase the use of recycled water. Dye wastewater is not easily biodegradable and should be treated using a multi-stage flocculation-multistage biochemical process. All these technologies can reduce ammonia nitrogen emissions.
Lin Zhihua, an engineer of the Iron Oxide branch of the China Paint Industry Association, said, “Now companies in the paint industry are feeling stressful and helpless. The introduction of ammonia nitrogen as a hard indicator will surely cause an environmental storm in the iron oxide industry. Ammonia nitrogen content in the control to 10 mg / liter, then one-third of the industry companies are facing elimination."
It is understood that at present, there are more than 120 enterprises producing iron oxide pigments in China, and more than 90% are privately-owned small enterprises. To raise the level of ammonia nitrogen treatment requires a treatment device, which generally requires investment of 7 million to 10 million yuan, and the investment is very large. Small companies have no ability to launch this device. Enterprises with an annual output of over 20,000 tons are still better than those with annual production below 10,000 tons. Since the successful operation of the environmental protection device of Jiangsu Yixing Yuxing Pigment Factory, the first set of ammonia nitrogen treatment device in the industry, only four or five companies have done so far.
Different from ammonia nitrogen emission reduction requirements, the emission reduction of nitrogen oxides is more limited by “key industries and key areasâ€. According to the "Guide", nitrogen oxide emissions are mainly concentrated in nitric acid and nitrate companies in the manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products.
Shijiazhuang Zhongyi Zhengyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. is a nitric acid production company. A person in charge of the company said that the new 100,000 tons of nitric acid project is about to start and the original 20,000 tons of nitric acid production line will stop. The new production line adopts the most advanced double-pressurization technology in the country. The emission of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas is very low. It should be no problem to control the standard for the nitrogen oxides of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€.
New pressures give birth to new technologies The pressure from environmental protection has always been a driving force for technological advancement in enterprises. It is understood that around the new emission indicators of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides, a number of new technologies have come out. And more companies are exploring new governance technologies.
In comparison, ammonia nitrogen started early and is better. Zhang Changqiu, dean of Hebei Yangmei Zhengyuan Chemical Industry Group Design Institute, told reporters that the technologies they developed, such as urea desorption waste liquid enrichment technology, waste ammonia water evaporation ammonia recovery technology, methanation technology, and circulating water supplementation reverse osmosis desalinated water, were used to produce wastewater. Emissions support technology. These technologies realize the front-end control of water and basically can achieve zero pollution and reduce the difficulty of terminal management.
Xu Jingsheng, deputy chief engineer of the China Chemical Industry Economic and Technological Development Center and the vice chairman of the National Fine Chemicals Raw Materials and Intermediates Industry Cooperation Group, said that the treatment of nitrogen oxides in the industrial sector is mainly for denitrification in the power industry. At present, the denitrification technology used by most domestic enterprises is still in the stage of introduction, digestion and absorption and preliminary application. The investment demand in the environmental protection field during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is very large, and denitrification has become the most noteworthy part. It is expected that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†and “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†period, the country’s investment demand in this area will be as high as RMB 1,000 billion. . For chemical industry, this is a big cake.
Xu Jingsheng further explained that catalytic reduction is currently the most efficient and mature power plant denitrification technology. This technology uses reducing agent ammonia to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water under the action of a catalyst. Ammonia is selective, reacts only with nitrogen oxides, and does not substantially react with oxygen. In this technology, the choice of catalyst is the most critical link. The catalysts are generally vanadium pentoxide, titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) and tungsten trioxide composites. The market for denitrification catalysts in the future will have a vast space. This is a major highlight of the field of chemical purification in the field of fine chemicals.
Zhou Haiyan, chief technical officer of Nanjing Haitai Nano Materials Co., Ltd., also expressed cautious optimism that domestic catalysts for desulfurization technology have a production capacity of several tens of thousands of tons. However, the current output of each company is very small. The first reason is that the domestic market has not been fully started, and the second is that domestic enterprises that require denitrification are basically imported catalysts from abroad. The "12th Five-Year Plan" to reduce nitrogen oxides may bring development opportunities to the domestic denitrification catalyst industry.
Diesel locomotive generally uses dc motor, powered by diesel engine driven DC auxiliary generator. Induction motors are commonly used in electric locomotives, powered by split cameras or inverters.
Reduction of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides will become a hard indicator of environmental protection
In May this year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced the "12th Five-Year Plan for the preparation of major pollutants total control plan technical guidelines (draft for comment)". The most noticeable change in this guideline is the emergence of two new indicators for "total quantity control", namely ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The specific reduction control targets are formulated as follows: The total ammonia nitrogen emissions control target will be reduced by 10% compared with 2010, and the total nitrogen oxide emissions in key industries and key areas will be reduced by 10% compared with 2010. In October, the Ministry of Environmental Protection also announced the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†(Draft for Soliciting Opinions) of the National Environmental Protection Standards. It also stipulated new emission reduction standards for ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The two documents show that the two new environmental protection indicators of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxide in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†are no longer in doubt.